A genealogy study conducted by Reuters found that all living presidents, except for Donald Trump, are direct descendants of slave owners.

Reuters started examine A genealogical history of America’s political elite, “many of whom have held key positions in race-related policy.” Through their research, the researchers found that all living U.S. presidents — Jimmy Carter, Bill Clinton, George W. Bush, Barack Obama, Donald Trump, and Joe Biden — were slaves. Found to be a direct descendant of the owner. Except for Donald Trump as an ancestor. to America after the abolition of slavery.

Investigators have determined that Obama is a direct descendant of a slave owner on his mother’s side.

The research team traced the genealogy of America’s elite by analyzing birth and death certificates, as well as census records, tax forms, slave records, estate records, and family bibles. Their findings were then scrutinized by a commission-certified genealogist.

For America’s political elite, the links between family and slavery abound https://t.co/ewDxPpAdAK pic.twitter.com/SxVM6QszZ6

— Reuters (@Reuters) June 27, 2023

In addition to the U.S. president, among the 536 incumbents in the last Congress included Republicans Mitch McConnell, Lindsay Graham, Tom Cotton and Sen. James Lankford, and Democrats Elizabeth Warren, Tammy Duckworth and Jeanne. Investigators found that 100 were descendants of slave owners. Shaheen and Maggie Hassan. (Related: Ketanji Brown Jackson’s Husband Revealed to be Descendant of Slave Owners)

At the state level, Reuters researchers found that as of 2022, 11 out of 50 governors will also be direct descendants of slave owners.

Harvard University professor Henry Louis Gates Jr. focuses on the study of Africans and African Americans and is the host of the popular genealogy show Finding Your Roots on PBS. He stressed that the findings were not intended to criticize, but rather to show how close the country is. It is still associated with slavery.

“We don’t inherit guilt for the actions of our ancestors,” Gates said, arguing that this is rather “a learning opportunity for each individual.”

“This is also a learning opportunity for their voters and for the American public at large,” he added.